138 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
138 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
+++
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title = 'HowTo backup'
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date = 2024-08-10
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hidden = true
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In short: 3-2-1 backup strategy.<!--more-->
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## Backup strategy
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You should have:
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- 3 copies of data
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- on 2 different types of storages
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- including 1 off-site copy
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### Why so many copies?
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What if your main drive with data will die? That's the reason to have backup nearby.
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What if your main storage Server will die with all drives in it due to power spike (flood,etc...)? That's the reason to have off-site backup.
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### 3 copies of data
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You should have:
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- Original data
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- 1 backup at place (another drive)
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- 1 backup in another place (encrypted in cloud, HDD stored in another remote location (friend's house))
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Backups which should be made regularly (daily or more frequently for critical data, +depends how "hot" data (how fast it changes))
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### 2 types of storages
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You need to have different 2 types of storage to metigate if some error may affect all devices of 1 type.
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Storage types examples:
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- Internal HDD/SSD (we will focus on them)
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- External HDD (them)
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- USB drive/SSD
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- Tape library
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- Cloud storage (and them)
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### 1 off-site copy
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It's pretty simple:
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- encrypted cloud backup
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- encrypted HDD with backup in another town in friend's house (secured by bubble wrap)
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- or at least encrypted HDD in another house (also secured by bubble wrap)
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The more distant this off-site backup the better.
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{{< spoiler Examples >}}
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## Examples
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### Enterprise-ish (Expensive at start, hard setup, easy to maintain)
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Ceph cluster:
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- requires 3 servers (at least) (OS - Proxmox)
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Ideally server motherboard, ECC RAM, Intel Xeon E5 v4 CPU Family or better / AMD Epyc analog
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- any number of drives (but at least 3 drives)
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Ideally enterpise-class (or with "RAID support"). The more IOPS - the better
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- [automatic snapshots](https://github.com/draga79/cephfs-snp)
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- 10Gb network (if you expect total 9-ish (or more) HDD drives or some SSDs)
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- and ideally SSD cache (at least 2 SSDs with PLP) (1tb each more than enough for 10TB of raw storage)
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Off-site backup:
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Cloud storage + [dublicati](https://github.com/duplicati/duplicati)
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OR
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Proxmoxx Backup Server at another city (e.g. at friend's house) with RAID1/5/6
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(thou you should set it up so if malware/hacker would get to root user it won't overwrite backups)
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#### Pros
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- Low chances of loosing data because you essentially have 3 copies (by default, 2 min) of data + hourly/daily/weekly/montly snapshots
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So if you get 2 dead drives in a same time - you still won't loose your data
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Essentially it covers 2 copies of data
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- If drive fails - you simple take it out, put new drive in and say that you want add this drive to pool via WebGUI
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- With SSD cache you can throw in any trashy HDD drives until they start to fail
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- You can add any number of drives
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- And if you need/want to be able to freely shutdown one of a servers and still be able to access data - you need to distribute drives so their raw storage would be even on each server.
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Or just add in few more server and distribute drives between them so you would still be able to access this storage
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- If you get your house+servers destroed - you wouldn't loose your data
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#### Cons
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- Expect 30% usable space from raw storage (you can use Erasure Coding (RAID5 analog) but it will be slow as hell)
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- Bad/Slow (in terms of IOPS and delay times) drives without PLP SSD cache can have amazingly bad total speed
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- Power usage might be a burden if you don't have any
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- More performance comes with more drives because speed = available IOPS and avarage access time for 2-3 drives that have that data. So more drives, more IOPS we have (excluding SSD cache case)
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### Home-server (Medium setup, hard to maintain)
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#### Pros
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#### Cons
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### Home PC (Medium setup, hard to maintain)
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#### Pros
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#### Cons
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### Portable Laptop (easy setup, hard to maintain)
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#### Pros
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#### Cons
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{{< /spoiler >}}
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{{< source >}}
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https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatabackup/definition/3-2-1-Backup-Strategy
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{{< /source >}}
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